DERMATOLOGY(Skin)---TOPICS To Be Prepared for Entrance Exams

PGMEEnotes:-SKIN / DERMATOLOGY---Most IMP.TOPICS.

1) SYPHILIS :---
I.P.=9-90 days,
responsiveness to Rx is assessed by VDRL.,
most contagious-papular skin rash,
Treponema pallidum,T.P. crosses placenta after 28 wks.,
most specific test-TPI.,
most common site of syphilitic aneurysm-ascending/proximal aorta,
with effective Rx -VDRL fall by 4 fold,
Congenital S.--sabre tibia , Rhagades ,Pseudoparalysis of parrot ,Hutchinson's teeth-incisors ,Diag.=IgM FTABS.,
Latent S.--minimum dose of penicillin=7.0 M.U.,
Primary S.--gummatous ulcer ,confirmatory test-dark field exam'n.,
Secondary S.--most sensitive test -TPH ,condyloma lata,commonest manifes.-rash,lesions-macule,papule,vesicles, usaually asymptomatic VDRL=1:2 dilution ,VDRL shows max. specificity,
Tertiary S.--aortic aneurysmseen ,RX OF SYPHILIS,
complications--( in preg.--miscarraige in preg. in 2&3rd trimester and stillbirth ) linear calcification of eary aortic aneurysms , aortic valvular insufficiency.............
-------------------((asked>35times))

2) Leprosy :--- TT,BT,LL,
Lepra reaction--Type-I-TT,BT Rx systemicsteroids, ENL/Type-II-LL,reversal reaction,
satellite nodules & virchow'scell seen,
slitsmear-ve leprosy--neuritic type,
ulnar nerve inv. Ist.,
Iris pearls seen,100% neural inv.,bacteriological &morphological index ,RX-paucibacillary......
------------------((26))

3) Psoriasis :---
exacerbated by lithium ,Beta blocker,anti-malarials,
Koebner's phenomenon seen,
Bulkeley memb. Seen,
micro-munro abcess ,
guttate-psoriasis--due streptococcal infec.,
nails in P.--Oil drop app.,oncholysis,Auspitz sign ,nail changes seen in 2/3 pt's ,
pustular P.--Rx-methotrexate ,topical vit.D-calcipotriol & Pustular psoriasis-generalised...........
----------------((19))

4) Tinea infec. :---
Civatte bodies seen,
affects stratum corneum ,
Trichophyton--affects skin,hair,&nail,
KERION-caused by dermatophytes ,
T.capitis-org.trichiophyton .tonsurans & microsoprum ,
T.cruris--dhobi's itch,T.pedis--athelete's foot ,
T.unguium--org.,affects nail plate ,
Rxsystemic griseofulvin........
-------------------((16))

5) Scabies :--- I.P.=4wks.,
by itch mite ,
norwegian S.-immunocompromised ,
S. in infants -face,
Rx-gammexane,benylbenzoate,tetmesol,sulphur oint.........
-------------------((12))

6) Pemphigus vulgaris :---
acantholysis seen,
intraepidermal bulla,
degeneration of basal cells,row of tombstones app.,
Nikolsky sign seen,
can occur due to Procarbazine,....
------------------((11))

DERMAT.:-FREQUENTLY ASKED TOPICS-IMP.

1) "chancroid--haemophilus ducreyi,soft chancre,multiple necrotic-tender penile ulcers,LN'S inv.,NO fever,DOC.sulphonamides"-------------------------((9))

2) "lichen planus---wickham's striae seen,hyperpig. Patches over legs,scarring alopecia,(plane,purple,polygonal,pruritic,papule),"-------------------------((8))

3) "LGV/lymphogranuloma venereum---chamydia trachomatis/Bedsonian org.,genital ulcer not seen,necrotizing granulomatous lymphadenitis ,DOC.-doxycycline ,LGV in females--proctitis,rectal stricture,elephantiasis,,Esthiomene is seen , Frei's test +ve."----------------------((8))

4) "acne vulgaris---Rx,nodulocystic acne,"----------------------------((7))

5) "AIDS---clinicalcriteria,screening test-ELISA,confirmatory test-ELISA+WB,karpas test used,oral hairy leukoplakia,PEP,kaposi sarcoma,aphthous ulcer seen."-------------------------------((7))

6) "alopecia areata---exlcamation mark seen ,Rx."--------------------((5))

7) "atopic dermatitis---( Itch is the disease ), "" DENNIE MORGAN FOLD "" seen"------((5))

8) "contact dermatitis---(delayed H.R-Type IV-induration),Nickel,(Berloque dermatitis-cosmetics),AIR-borne C.D.-due to Parthenium,Endogenous C.D.-seborreic D.,Atopic D., urticaria."--------------((5))

9) "gonorrhoea---commonest V.D.in india,I.P.=2-5days,pus per urethra,does not inv. Testes,Rx-procaine penicillin4.8megaunits+probenecid1g orally"-----------------------------------((4))

11) "icthyosis vulgaris---granular layer-absent,autosomal recessive,Crocodile skin/Sauroderma,drugs-INH,clofazimine,nicotinamide,"-----------------------------(4))

12) "Vitiligo---also seen in D.M.,Rx -psoralen used"-------------------------((4))

13) "Wood's ligth---coral red fluoresence --porphyria, WAVE-LENGTH=360nm"------------------((4))

14) candidiasis---( washerman's hand-intertrigo ) ( systamatic candidiasis -Rx ketoconazole -D.O.C.)------((3))

15) "dermatisis herpetiformis---multiple grouped papulovesicular lesion ,Rx-gluten free diet /DOC.-dapsone."------------------------((3))

16) erythema multiforme------------------------------((3))

17) "granloma inguinale---diag. Smear ,Rx-streptomycin"---------------((3))

18) "herpes simplex---most common site-face ,Rx-pri.H.S.=acyclovir, herpes genitalis"------------------((3))

19) "herpes zoster---ballooning seen , multiple grouped vesicle over T10 seg.ass. With pain"---------------((3))

20) "NAILS---koilonchia in iron def. Anemia , Beaus lines seen in arsenic poisoning ,leuconychia in liver failure ,onycholysis in psoriasis ,( nail infec.--- by Trichophyton ,Epidermophyton ,Candida …)(nail inv.in-psorisis,dermatophytosis,L.P.)"---------------((3))

21) pyoderma capitis---cyctic swelling over scalp with easily plkable hair--KOH staining done(?fungal)-------------------((3))

22) "pityriasis rosea---Fir-tree app. , Herald patch ,"----------------------------((3))

23) "psoralen+PUVA treatment---vitiligo,psorisis,mycosis fungoides"----------------------((3))

24) "SLE---& DLE---drugs causing chorthiazide ,chloroquine?,tetracycline,clofazimine…"--------------(3)

SKIN notes--ASKED MORE THAN TWICE

1) acantholytic cells-------------------((2))

2) "acantholysis---seen in epidermis , & pemphigus"--------------((2))

3) "condyloma acuminata---org.-HPV, Rx podophyllin ."---------((2))

4) clofazimine---commonest side effect –hyperpigmentation----------((2))

5) chloroquine ---uses--------------------((2))

6) dermatophyte infec.---civatte bodies seen-------------((2))

7) "donovanosis---pseudobubes , calmmatobacterium granulomatis"-------------------((2))

8) "dapsone---dose=1-2mg/kg ,commenest side efeect-hemolytic anemia"-------------((2))

9) epidermolysis bullosa---cause genetic -------------------------------((2))

10) erythema marginatum---cause acute Rheumatic fever------------------((2))

11) "hyperpigmentation---causes,haemochromatosis…."---------------((2))

12) "impetigo contagiosa---honey coloured crusts, commonest skin infec. In children,"-----((2))

13) molluscum contagiosum---pox virus------------------(2))

14) "pediculosis corporis---also called Acarus ,, Phthiris pubis--shows Macula cerulea"-----((2))

15) pityriasis alba--- ---------------((2))

16) pruritus---& pruritus in uremia---Rx UV therapy --------------((2))

17) porphyria---( acute intermittent porphyria & porphria cutanous tarda)-------(2)

18) pyoderma gangrenosum --- ulcerative colitis ---------------((2))

19) "oral retinoids---used for acne , commonest side effect skin rashes"--------((2))

20) rhinophyma---acne rosacea--------------------((2))

21) ring worm---tinea infec.--------------------(2))

22) spongiosis---seen in acute eczema-----------------((2))

23) Tinea versicolar---malassezia furfur -----------((2))

24) Tuberous sclerosis--- --------------(2)

25) "Trichomonas vaginalis---frothy geen yellow vaginal discharge ,most common trophozoite infec . In STDS,"---------------------((2))

26) urticaria---& urticaria pigmentosa--- darrier's sign ----------------((2))

DERMATOLOGY(Skin)-Occasionally Asked Topics

1) acne acuminata ---seen in T.B. ---------------((1))

2) acneiform drug eruption---causes --------------((1))

3) acrodermatitis enteropathica---Rx ( zinc) ------------((1))

4) "actinomycosis---also called as "" MOSSY FOOT ""." ----------((1))

5) alopecia---nonscarring (psoriasis) & scarring (L.P.)--causes. ---------((1))

6) "angioedema---also called "" QUINCKE'S disease""." -----------((1))

7) apthous ulcers -------------------------------((1))

8) bacel cell ca. --------------------------------((1))

9) bushke-lowenstein synd.---Rx cryosurgery ----------((1))

10) behcets synd. ----------------------------((1))

11) clubbing---fluctuation is the FIRST SIGN. ----------((1))

12) ciclopirox olamine---used for fungal/tinea. ----------((1))

13) "cutaneous marker of malignancy---(necrolytic migratory erythema,annular erythema,acanthosis nigricans.)" ----------------------((1))

14) creeping cutaneous eruption---(ancylostoma braziliense )-------------((1))

15) "cotrimazole---uses-gonorrhoea ,LVG,granuloma inguinale"---------------((1))

16) "dermatitis---atopic,contact,irritant contact,seborrhoeic."-----------------((1))

17) dermatomyositis---GOTTRON'S papules--------------------((1))

18) drug eruptions---(photosensitive lichenoid-gold)----------------((1))

19) DDS---cochrane was the first person to use DDS-------------((1))

20) ecthyma gangrenosum---seen in pseudomonas septicaemia -------((1))

21) eczema---atopic eczema--------------------------((1))

22) erythema--------------------------------------((1))

23) erythema pernio ---cause COLD exposure--------------((1))

24) ENL-erythema nodosum leprosum--------------((1))

25) erythema infectiosum-----------------((1))

26) erythrasma---caused by cornybacterium minutissium-----------((1))

27) erythema induratum---is a form of dermatitis -------------((1))

28) fungi with no sexual stage ---imperfect fungi -----------((1))

29) fixed drug eruption--drugs causing----------((1))

30) freckles---------------(1))

31) fordyce's disease--affects LIPS-------------((1))

32) genital warts ---HPV. ------------------((1))

33) gentian violet---safest local antibiotic -------((1))

34) hair grow---in anagen phase ---------------((1))

35) langerhan cells----antigen presenting cells--------((1))

36) lupus vulgaris---T.B.of skin-------------------((1))

37) macule--- ---------------((1))

38) malignant melanoma--- -------------((1))

39) miliaria---crystallina --------------((1))

40) morphoea---over forehead---------------------((1))

41) mycosis fungoides--T-cell- ---------------------((1))

42) morbilliform rash---N.meningitides ------------------((1))

43) neurofibroma---Lisch nodules seen------------((1))

44) nevus---junctional -pre malignant---------------((1))

45) niacin---photodermatitis / pellagra---------------((1))

46) necrobiosis lipoidica diabeticorum---DM.----------------((1))

47) "neuro cut. Diseases---tuberous sclerosis,ashleaf patches ,neuro fibromatosis ,"-----((1))

48) patch test---used in contact dermatitis--read after 2 days / 48hrs----------------((1))

49) pyoderma--- -------------((1))

50) "premalignant oral carcinoma---leukoplakia,melonoma,submucosal fibrosis…"------((1)

51) phrynoderma---vit .A def.&EFA def… -----------((1))

52) purpura---(congenital erythripoietic P.--urophotoporphyrin cosyntathase III def.------((1)

53) scleroderma--- ------------------((1))

54) scrofuloderma--- ----------------((1))

55) seborrheic dematitis---pityriasis capitis -Cradle cap --------(1))

56) STDS.---CAUSES ------------((1))

57) solar keratosis---Rx topical 5-FU. ------------((1))

58) "steroids---most potent steroid-clobetasol proprionate /diproprio.,side effects"----------((1))

59) "slate like discolouration ---chorpromazine,minocycline,amiodarone…"---------((1))

60) "subepidermal blistering---dermatitis herpetiformis ,TEN,bullous pemphigoid…"------------------((1))

61) subepidermal bulla---pemphigoid ---------------((1))

62) skin doubling time ---4 wks. ------------------((1))

63) sterptomycin---used in Rx of G.V. granuloma venereum ----------((1))

64) Toxic epidermal necrolysis---Lyell's synd. -------------((1))

65) tetracyclines--- --------------((1))

66) UV radiation---max skin is damaged in 290-360nm wavelength ------((1))

67) vagabond's disease ---pediculosis corporis -----------(1)

68)vesicles---& vesicobullous lesions--- ----------------((1))

69) vit.A---phrynoderma& uses -------------------------((1))

70) xerodema pigmentosa---A.R. disorder ----nucleotide bases repair defect-------------((1))

71) "oral mucosal lesions---L.P.&rosacea,…" ------------((1))

72) mucous memb. Lesions--pemphigus vul. ----------------------------------------------((1))